Obama repeatedly justifies governmental spending on public infrastructure as investment. Yet a little scrutiny would reveal that little of it is "investment" in an economic common sense way.
By investment, we usually mean building/creating/discovering real assets, which, as brought into production, return a stream of income (see Wikipedia's treatment). Investment is closely related to wealth. Wealth is an asset that is capable of returning a stream of income (see Wikipedia's treatment). For instance, spending money for geological exploration to discover unknown deposits of oil is investment, because, when successful, it creates asset wealth. When the oil is pumped out of the ground, distilled, and sold, the asset is returning income.
How could governmental spending in education, transportation infrastructure, and medical care be considered "investment"? What Obama probably means is that better educated, healthier people are going to be economically more productive than uneducated, unhealthy people. And with better roads and bridges, they will be able more efficiently and effectively get to work to do all that producing for which he hopes. Such a rationalization sounds reasonable; but close examination shows it is largely bogus.
Education. To be economically productive, workers need vocational skills and vocational education. Public k-12 and liberal arts college education do not, however, directly give them much in vocational skills or vocational education. Students learn to read and write and do arithmetic; but generally these skills are not directly employable. Usually, employers must train new workers to apply these skills to specific job situations. Most people recognize the disconnect between a general education and the ordinary job, for, when given the opportunity, they prefer to obtain directly vocational education, as in high school and community college vocational programs (auto mechanic, welding, cosmetology, etc.) and in private vocational tech institutes. A general education is mainly useful for preparing teachers to teach in schools and colleges; that would be vocational education for them. But teachers relationship to economic production is distant, at best. So spending in education is not directly investment.
Transportation. America's transportation infrastructure is already in place. Obama's programs only will maintain it and/or spruce it up; but they will not economically, qualitatively change transportation's role in the productive economy. To change the productive economy significantly, infrastructure spending would have to change the market so as to introduce major efficiencies. For instance, the railroads in the nineteenth century, by increasing speed and reliability of transport and reducing transportation costs (compared to animal-drawn wagons and canals), enlarged the markets for goods in which a single price governed. Thus, large farms in the Midwest could compete with farms in the East for the Eastern urban food market. This change in the markets sparked the great agricultural revolution of the American Midwest and made the US one of the world's biggest agricultural producers (and exporters). No current government spending on transportation repair will have anything like that effect. Rather, the spending is mainly make-work for state and local departments whose tax-based funding is declining and for construction contractors who need contracts to stay in business. There is no significant gain in economic production here. This is not really "investment".
Medical care. Does extending governmental subsidized health care to the middle class and to under-insured or uninsured persons help economic production? In several ways, governmentally sponsored health care could help produce income and thereby be an investment. Workers who are injured on the job would be healed and returned to the workforce, thereby contributing to production and not being a drain on public funds. Also, persons who are not in the labor force, because they are too ill or disabled, would be treated and made capable of entering the labor force. In the first case of injured workers, increased governmental health care spending is not additive, because such workers are already covered under worker's compensation. In the second case of readying workers for the labor force, we need to ask what demographics we are talking about. Many of the recipients of governmentally subsidized health care will be children, who are not going to be in the labor force for many years, if at all. Other recipients are persons, often women, who will opt not to join the wage labor force, so their health care does not directly benefit production. Some persons who benefit from, e.g., public health insurance, will be persons who don't need it because they are fundamentally healthy and they are already in the labor force. Finally, of adults who might enter the labor force if their health were to be improved, some will and some won't. The result is that a minority of recipients of public health care will be added to the productive labor force; which means that the investment effect of governmental health care spending is minimal.
There are other means of increasing worker productivity by bettering their health that in fact are investments in the sense that Obama wishes to claim for universal health insurance. For instance, spending by companies in training workers in safety on the job, in protective clothing and tools, in healthy work conditions, and by removing hazards in the workplace are certainly investments that enlarge the companies' asset wealth, increase productivity, and maximize profit. Government inspection of mines, workshops, and mills also represents public investment in productivity of the economy. But these investments are not what Obama is hawking in his health care proposals.
As governmental spending in these three sectors is not directly investment, they do little to promote economic growth. Indeed, in as much as they are very expensive and will require commandeering private money to be funded, monies which would otherwise be available for private investment, they will have a detrimental effect on economic growth, as the CBO has pointed out.
The lack of positive economic stimulus of Obama's public spending does not mean that the spending is not justifiable on other grounds, such as social justice, which is Obama's real policy goal, or simply humanitarianism. Making people's lives better in health and richer in awareness and appreciation of the world is a worthy goal. But personal happiness is not necessarily an economic asset, and spending to increase happiness is not necessarily an economic "investment".
Recent Comments